Manhole liner having a wireless data transmitter

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides an apparatus and method for repairing a manhole. The wall of the manhole is lined with a liner to form a new wall. The liner includes a resin that cures to form the new wall that is similar to the repaired wall. Embedded in the liner is a wireless data transfer mechanism that includes a transmitter, such as a radio-frequency identification (RFID). The RFID transmits identification information about the liner or the repaired wall. The transmitter may be capable of data entry in the field or may be otherwise field-programmable and further capable of transmitting at least one physical characteristic. Examples of physical characteristics may include temperature, pressure, chemical reactions, flow within the manhole, and the like. Additional transmitters may be used along the length of the manhole to determine characteristics at multiple locations, with each additional transmitter including the same or different sensors.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to the monitoring and repair ofa manhole. More particularly, but not exclusively, the invention relatesto a liner assembly for repairing the wall of a manhole that includes atransmitter or transmitters that are capable of transmittinginformation, such as identification information or physicalcharacteristics of the area around the transmitter.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Conventional manholes include a lower or bottom panel, a barrel having arelatively constant diameter adjacent the panel, a concentric oreccentric cone extending upwardly from the barrel, one or more adjustingrings to adjust the overall height of the manhole, and a casting frameon top of the adjusting rings to support an elevation substantiallylevel with the surrounding pavement. The casting frame is preferablysealed to the uppermost adjusting ring to preclude or minimize waterflow into the manhole. The cone and adjusting rings are commonly knownas the manhole chimney. Most manhole structures are unique in size andshape with varying diameters and depths. In addition, bricks often forma portion of the wall of the manhole.

Substandard construction methods can lead to damage or deterioration ofthe manhole structure. Thus, the manhole is vulnerable, allowing waterand subsidence of soil to enter the manhole, which eventually leads to astructural failure of the manhole.

Prior methods for repairing damaged portions of the walls of manholesinclude positioning a liner impregnated with a material capable ofcuring and hardening within the manhole where the damaged portion islocated. The liner can extend the full height of the manhole, or cancover only a portion of the height of the manhole. The liner ispositioned by lowering or inverting the liner into the manhole. Once theliner is positioned within the manhole, it is pressurized, usually by aninflation bladder, causing the liner to press against the wall of themanhole, and the liner is cured by applying heat, such as steam or hotwater. These liners can also be cured at ambient temperatures bychemical mixtures that generate an exothermic reaction, the use ofultraviolet light or other photocuring initiators, or by electron beamcuring. The liner forms a new interior wall of the manhole beingrepaired. Such a process is known as cured-in-place manhole lining.

The repairs of the walls of manholes are oftentimes performed in a largescale, such as for an entire neighborhood or even city. The number ofassemblies used to repair the manholes can be great. However,information relating to the repair of the manhole needs to be saved orknown. For example, the manholes should have identification, such as byaddress, manhole identification number, manufacturer information,quality control information, or otherwise. The date of repair andwhether there were any special circumstances (increased resin,obstructions, special environment conditions, etc.) in repairing themanhole should also be known. The lining circumstances could determinewhat can or should be used or done in a manhole in the future. Forexample, weak spots or the use of additional curing materials may benoted. Labels can be added to the repaired walls designating the repair,but these labels will fade over time, or may even be detached from thewall or location of placing.

Accordingly, there is a need in the art for an improved lining methodand apparatus that overcomes the problems resulting from not being ableto determine identification properties of a repaired manhole.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is therefore a primary object, feature, and/or advantage of thepresent invention to provide an improved apparatus and method thatovercomes the deficiencies in the art.

It is another object, feature, and/or advantage of the present inventionto provide an improved method of repairing a manhole that provides foridentification properties of the repaired manhole.

It is yet another object, feature, and/or advantage of the presentinvention to provide an improved method and apparatus for lining amanhole including a liner having a transmitter embedded therein.

It is still another object, feature, and/or advantage of the presentinvention to provide an improved method and apparatus for repairing awall of a manhole that provides for the monitoring of physicalcharacteristics within the manhole.

It is still a further object, feature, and/or advantage of the presentinvention to provide an improved method and apparatus for repairing awall of a manhole that provides wireless monitoring of the manhole wallrepair.

It is still a further object, feature, and/or advantage of the presentinvention to provide an improved method and apparatus for lining amanhole that provides wireless a data transfer mechanism that isfield-programmable or capable of data entry in the field that includesinformation specific to the manhole liner and repair.

It is yet a further object, feature, and/or advantage of the presentinvention to provide an improved method and apparatus for repairing awall of a manhole that provides continuous data of the environmentwithin and around the manhole.

These and/or other objects, features, and advantages of the presentinvention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The presentinvention is not to be limited to or by these objects, features andadvantages. No single embodiment need provide each and every object,feature, or advantage.

According to one aspect of the present invention, a method of repairingand identifying a wall of a manhole is provided. The method includesproviding a liner assembly comprising a liner impregnated with amaterial capable of curing and hardening, and including a transmittercapable of transmitting an identification. The liner assembly ispositioned within the manhole and pressed against the wall of themanhole. The identification transmitted by the transmitter is receivedto identify the repaired wall of the manhole. The transmitter may befurther capable of transmitting at least one physical characteristic.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a liner assemblyfor repairing a wall of a manhole is provided. The liner assemblyincludes a liner comprising a resin impregnable material and atransmitter connected to the liner and capable of transmitting anidentification. The transmitter may be further capable of transmittingat least one physical characteristic.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a kit forrepairing a wall of a manhole is provided. The kit includes a resinimpregnable liner configured to line a wall of a manhole and atransmitter capable of transmitting an identification.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an exemplary structure of a manhole.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the manhole of FIG. 1 being lined with theliner assembly according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is another sectional view of the manhole of FIG. 1 being repairedwith the liner assembly according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the manhole of FIG. 1 after it has beenrepaired according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a transmitter system used with the presentinvention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an exemplary structure of a manhole 10.The manhole 10 includes a bottom floor 12, a barrel 16 above the bottomfloor 12, a cone 18 supported by the barrel 16, and a plurality ofadjusting rings 20 supported by the cone 18. A casting frame 22 residesupon the upper most ring 20 and supports a lid 26. The casting 22 isnormally sealed to the top ring 20. It is understood that one or morerings 20 may be used to adjust the height of the manhole 10 such thatthe lid 26 is substantially at the level of the pavement 66 surroundingthe manhole 10. In addition, while FIG. 1 shows the cone 18 to have aconcentric shape, it is understood that an eccentric cone can beutilized such that the manhole 10 has an asymmetrical cross-sectionalappearance. FIG. 1 also shows an optional run through 14 in the bottomfloor 12. While each manhole generally has unique size and shape, it isgenerally understood that the basic construction of the manhole 10 issimilar in all manholes. Manholes generally are narrower at the topsection, or chimney, than at the bottom section. Additionally, it is notuncommon for bricks to form the wall of a manhole.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a liner assembly 30 of the presentinvention positioned in a manhole 10. The liner assembly 30 includes abladder 32, a manhole liner 40, and a transmitter 50 connected to themanhole liner 40. The bladder 32 comprises a first end 34 near theopening of the manhole 10, a second end 36 positioned at the bottom ofthe manhole 10, and a bladder body 38 therebetween. The first end 34 ofthe bladder 32 may be attached to a base outside of the manhole 10. Thediameter of the bladder 32 is shown to be less than or equal to thesmallest diameter of the manhole 10. The bladder body 38 is stretchablesuch that it is able to press against a wall of the manhole 10 whenexpanded. However, a bladder 32 that is sized to the varying diametersof the manhole 10 may also be used with the present invention.Alternatively, a bladder may not be required to practice this inventionwhen a manhole liner having an impermeable coating is used. The manholeliner 40 is attached at the opening of the manhole, and comprises amanhole liner body 42 that at least partially surrounds the bladder body38 in the manhole 10.

The manhole liner body 42 is comprised of a resin absorbent material,and may or may not include a resin impervious coating or layer such aspolyurethane, PVC, or similar coatings having an elastic characteristic.The manhole liner 40 may be constructed by forming a tubular sleeveincluding a fabric material which can be stretched circumferentially upto 150% of its non-stretched diameter. The tubular sleeve may havesubstantially no longitudinal stretching characteristics along itslength. The manhole liner 40 may be constructed to a generic size ordiameter that accommodates most manhole diameters. The manhole liner 40may have a significant length which can be cut to the appropriate lengthat the manhole site. Additionally, the manhole liner 40 may be sized toprovide a lining to both the manhole wall 24 and the bottom floor 12.

The manhole liner 40 is impregnated with a resinous material, which maybe a thermoset resin that saturates the liner and cures and hardensquicker in the presence of heat. The resinous material may be a singlecomponent or multi-component epoxy, a vinyl ester, or a polyester resin.The resinous material may also be a resin formulated to cure underambient conditions, under the application of heat, or upon theapplication of light or radiation (such as a UV cure). However, itshould be appreciated that other resinous materials may be used, on thecondition that they are able to cure and harden.

The transmitter 50 is connected to the manhole liner 40 on either sideof the manhole liner body 42. Furthermore, when the manhole liner 40comprises multiple layers, the transmitter 50 may be housed between thelayers of the liner. The transmitter 50 includes at least a radiofrequency identification tag (RFID tag 52) for containing identificationproperties of the manhole, liner, location (address), date, and thelike. The RFID tag will provide identification for the manhole, such asthe date and time of repair, the address of the location of the manhole,or other identifying features of the manhole repair. Thus, the RFID tag52 of the transmitter 50 can be used to provide information related tothe repair of the manhole.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 2 showing bladder 32 fullyinflated in the manhole 10. Means and methods of inflation are describedin U.S. Pat. No. 7,670,086 and U.S. patent application Ser. Nos.12/959,044; 12/834,589; and 12/943,394, hereby incorporated by referencein their entireties, whereby the bladder 32 is inflated with fluidpressure (not shown), such as air, introduced to the cavity of thebladder body 38 through inflation device 68. The increased pressurecauses the bladder body 38 to expand circumferentially towards themanhole wall 24. The expanded bladder 32 will press the manhole liner 40against the wall 24 of the manhole 10. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 3,the transmitter 50 is positioned between the manhole liner 40 and themanhole wall 24. However, as mentioned above, the transmitter 50 mayalso be positioned on the interior of the liner, or between layers ofthe liner. Alternatively, a portion of the transmitter may be attachedto the manhole liner such that a sensing element may access the interiorof the manhole after installation. As such, a portion of the transmitterhaving the sensing element may extend into the interior of the manhole.Another configuration includes where the transmitter lies beneath aportion of the cured manhole liner, such as a clear polymeric film, toallow the sensing element to obtain a reading within the manhole. Suchconfigurations are advantageous when a sensor is used to measure aphysical characteristic within the manhole after installation of theliner, such as liquid flow or humidity.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the manhole 10 after the resinous materialhas cured and hardened and the bladder 32 has been removed from themanhole 10. The bladder 32 may be removed by deflating the fluid fromthe cavity, and then by pulling a rope (not shown) connected to thesecond end 36 of the bladder 32. Pulling the bladder 32 out by thebottom first causes the bladder 32 to peel away from the cured manholeliner 40. Thus, the bladder 32 may have a frangible connection to themanhole liner 40 such that the bladder 32 is easily detached from theliner and peeled away until the bladder 32 is fully removed from theliner. Although peeling the bladder requires the least amount of effort,it should be appreciated that the bladder 32 may also be pulled straightout of the manhole 10 from the first end 34 of the bladder 32 as well.Alternatively, the material for the bladder may be compatible foradhesion to the manhole liner, and remain within the manhole to act as asmooth interior surface of the manhole after curing.

After the manhole lid 26 is replaced on the casting frame 22 of themanhole 10, what remains is a manhole having a repaired and structurallyrenewed wall. As is shown in FIG. 4, the transmitter 50 will remain inthe manhole 10 after the bladder 32 has been removed. The transmitter 50is used to store and transmit information related to the repair of themanhole 10. Thus, a receiver 56 may be used at a later time to receive asignal from the transmitter 50 to identify the address or identifyingnumber of the manhole, the date of repair, the type of materials used inthe repair, manufacturer information, quality control information, andany other circumstances that may have come up related to the repair ofthe manhole.

Also shown in FIGS. 2-4 is a signal 60 being emitted by the transmitter50. The embodiment shown in the figures shows an active transmitter 50that transmits a signal 60 outwardly from the transmitter 50. A receiver56 having a viewer 72 picks up the signal 60. The receiver 56 of FIG. 4is shown at a location outside of the manhole 10 and above the ground.Therefore, a receiver 56 may be moved over the ground until it picks upa signal 60 from a transmitter 50. The receiver 56 can then interpretthe information contained in the signal 60 to determine theidentification characteristics emitted by the transmitter 50.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the transmitter 50and receiver 56. As mentioned above, the transmitter 50 includes an RFIDtag 52 and may include at least one sensor 54 for determining physicalcharacteristics within the manhole 10. The sensor 54 could be a pressuresensor, a sensor for measuring distance, a load cell, a temperaturesensor, a strain gauge, an accelerometer, a flow meter, a chemicalsensor, or the like. Furthermore, as is shown in FIG. 5, the transmitter50 may include a plurality of sensors 54 or a sensor array. Thus, thetransmitter 50 could include the RFID tag 52 along with any number ofsensors 54 as may be desired for the particular manhole repair and othercharacteristics.

As mentioned above, the RFID tags 52 or transmitters may be passive oractive. Furthermore, the transmitter 50 could operate on radiofrequencies or other wireless data transfer systems (as non-limitingexamples, hypersonic or infrared systems). When a passive RFID tag isused, a power source, shown as receiver, must be inserted into themanhole 10 to read the information. This is because passive RFID tagsoperate by using the radio energy transmitted by the receiver as itsenergy source or to activate an onboard battery. However, whenaggressive or active RFID tags 52 are used, a receiver 56 could bepositioned further away from the transmitter 50, potentially even aboveground. This is the example shown in FIG. 2, and is due to the fact thataggressive transmitters constantly emit a signal or transmission,whether weak or strong, and this signal is read by a receiver 56.Alternatively, the transmitter 50 may need no power at all, or may beself powered by the medium in which it is placed (as a non-limitingexample, flowing water).

The RFID tag 52 or other wireless data transfer system may be capable ofdata entry in the field or may be otherwise field-programmable. Such afeature may be included with the transmitter 50 by configuring aninterface for a physical link (such as a port for a cable) directly tomemory within the RFID tag 52 for data entry or by including aprogrammable device, such as an integrated circuit or afield-programmable gate array, within the transmitter 50. Transmitter 50may further include a receiver (not shown) configured for wireless dataentry and programming. It should also be noted that the inclusion of afield-programmable gate array will also allow for reprogramming of asingle sensor to run several different tests. These features willprovide several advantages in manhole lining applications. A firstadvantage includes the flexibility of allowing an installation crew toenter the date and time of pipe repair, the name of construction teamwho repaired the pipe, the address and/or location of the manhole, andthe like. Secondly, since a variety of conditions exist in the field,operators may wish to include a summary of the obstacles encounteredduring installation with an RFID tag. Such information will certainly beuseful for successfully completing subsequent repair work. A thirdadvantage is that the ability to enter data or program the device in thefield decreases the manufacturing cost associated with the manhole linerand RFID tag.

The receiver 56 is a device or application having the capability ofreceiving the information transmitted via wireless communication ortelemetry by the transmitter 50. For RFID tags 52, an RFID reader may bea one-way radio receiver that reads the data being transmitted by theRFID transmitter. Alternatively, an RFID reader may be considered aninterrogator. An interrogator is a two-way radio transmitter-receiverthat sends a signal to the RFID transmitter and reads the response. Thereceivers 56 may transmit the collected data to a computer systemrunning RFID software or RFID middleware. This is shown in FIG. 5. Thereceiver 56 may include the computer system or also may send it via aline or wirelessly to a computer system. The computer system may includea viewer 72, such as a monitor. The monitor may include information suchas the temperature within the manhole, the pressure or force on themanhole liner, or other information transmitted by the transmitter 50.The information may be displayed on the monitor or viewer 72 in anynumber of ways. For example, the monitor may include a graph with thetemperature along the Y-axis and a time along the X-axis such that thegraph can show any change in temperature and to ensure that temperaturerange maintains within the range needed for the material impregnated inthe manhole to cure and harden. Thus, any dip or spike in temperaturecan be observed via a control station, and an operator may have theopportunity to adjust the temperature within the manhole. The othersensors may also include graphs or other monitoring characteristics. Thereceiver 56 may also include a printer 74 and a source of memory 76. Theprinter 74 can be used to print out the graph or physicalcharacteristics as they are being determined such that an operator cantake the printed material to study it at a later time. The printedmaterial may be useful to build up a catalog of conditions. For example,if it is known that the operator is repairing a manhole under a certaincondition, such a particular ambient temperature, the operator can takethe printed material received from the sensors in the manhole liner totrack the ambient temperatures. Therefore, the next time a manhole is tobe repaired under the same condition, the operator will already have theinformation cataloged provide relevant data, and thus, the operator canplan accordingly.

Additionally, the receiver 56 may include a source of memory 76, whichmay be permanent or removable from the receiver 56. The memory 76 willwork similar to the printed material. Thus, an operator can take thesaved information from the transmitter 50, including the identificationfrom the RFID tag 52, and the physical characteristics determined by thesensors 54, and save that information to evaluate later or to create adatabase. As with the printed material, the database could be used toaid any future repairs with similar physical characteristics.

FIG. 5 also shows a control station 70 operatively connected to thereceiver 56 and transmitter 50. The control station 70 can includecontrols, such as controls for expanding the bladder and pressing theliner assembly against the manhole wall. Thus, the control station 70may include controls for air or other fluid pressure, temperature, etc.Once the control station 70 has received information from thetransmitter 50 and receiver 56, the control station 70 can be configuredto automatically adjust one or more of the controls accordingly. Forexample, if the temperature within the manhole has dropped below acuring temperature of the material used to cure and harden, the controlstation 70 can activate a heating element or other means to increase thetemperature within the bladder and/or liner. Once the temperature hasrisen to a proper range for curing, the control station 70 receives acommand from the receiver 56 to stop increasing the heat within themanhole.

While certain identification properties as well as certain and specificphysical characteristics have been discussed in relation to the RFIDtags and sensors, it should be appreciate that the present inventionincludes generally any physical characteristic and identificationproperty that may be useful for the repair of manholes. The invention isnot to be limited to those specifically mentioned.

It should be understood that various changes and modifications to theembodiments described here would be apparent to those skilled in theart. Such changes and modifications may be made without departing fromthe spirit and scope of the present invention and without diminishingits intended advantages. It is, therefore, intended that such changesand modifications be covered by the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of repairing and identifying a wall of amanhole, comprising: providing a liner assembly comprising a manholeliner impregnated with a material capable of curing and hardening, andincluding a transmitter capable of transmitting an identification;positioning the liner assembly within the manhole; pressing the manholeliner against the wall of the manhole; and wirelessly receiving theidentification transmitted from the transmitter by a receiver at alocation outside of the manhole after the liner has cured and hardenedwithin the manhole and the manhole has been closed and while thetransmitter remains in the manhole.
 2. The method of claim 1 furthercomprising positioning a bladder within the liner assembly.
 3. Themethod of claim 2 wherein pressing the manhole liner against the wall ofthe manhole comprises expanding the bladder within the liner assembly.4. The method of claim 1 wherein the transmitter is also capable oftransmitting at least one physical characteristic.
 5. The method ofclaim 4 further comprising receiving another physical characteristictransmitted by the transmitter simultaneously with pressing the manholeliner against the wall of the manhole.
 6. The method of claim 5 furthercomprising adjusting conditions within the liner assembly based on thereceived identification and physical characteristic from thetransmitter.
 7. The method of claim 6 wherein the physicalcharacteristic comprises temperature, pressure, or velocity of theliner.
 8. The method of claim 1 wherein the transmitter operates onradio frequencies, hypersonic transmissions, or infrared transmissions.9. The method of claim 1 further comprising viewing the receivedidentification on a screen remote from the manhole.
 10. The method ofclaim 1 wherein the liner assembly includes a plurality of transmitterspositioned along the length of the manhole liner.
 11. The method ofclaim 1 wherein the identification includes an address, date, type ofmaterial used, or any special circumstances.
 12. The method of claim 1,wherein the transmitter is field-programmable or capable of data entryin the field.
 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the manhole liner is atubular sleeve capable of being stretched circumferentially up to 150%of its non-stretched diameter.
 14. A liner assembly for repairing a wallof a manhole, comprising: a manhole liner comprising a resin impregnablematerial; a transmitter connected to the manhole liner and capable oftransmitting an identification; wherein the transmitter is configured towirelessly transmit the identification outside of the repaired manholeafter the liner has cured and hardened within the manhole and themanhole has been closed and while the transmitter remains in themanhole;and a receiver positioned outside of the manhole for wirelesslyreceiving the identification transmitted from the transmitter at alocation outside of the manhole after the liner has cured and hardenedwithin the manhole and the manhole has been closed and while thetransmitter remains in the manhole.
 15. The liner assembly of claim 14,wherein the manhole liner is a tubular sleeve capable of being stretchedcircumferentially up to 150% of its non-stretched diameter.
 16. Theliner assembly of claim 14 wherein the transmitter comprises aradio-frequency identification transponder.
 17. The liner assembly ofclaim 16 wherein the transmitter further comprises at least one sensorcomprising a temperature sensor, pressure sensor, strain gauge, flowmeter, or chemical sensor.
 18. The liner assembly of claim 14 whereinthe manhole liner comprises a layer of resin absorbent material and alayer of resin impervious material, and wherein the transmitter ispositioned at the layer of resin absorbent material.
 19. The linerassembly of claim 14 further comprising a plurality of transmittersconnected to the manhole liner.
 20. A kit for repairing a wall of amanhole, comprising: a resin impregnable liner configured to line a wallof a manhole; a transmitter capable of transmitting an identification;and a receiver for wirelessly receiving the identification transmittedby the transmitter after the manhole has been closed; wherein thetransmitter is configured to wirelessly transmit the identification to alocation outside of a repaired manhole after the liner has cured andhardened within the manhole and the manhole has been closed and whilethe transmitter remains in the manhole.